Belajar QA Tester - Accessibility Testing

#Pendahuluan

Setelah di episode 15 kita mempelajari performance testing dasar, pada episode ini kita mempelajari accessibility testing — bagaimana menguji aksesibilitas aplikasi untuk memastikan dapat digunakan oleh semua orang termasuk penyandang disabilitas. Accessibility bukan hanya legal requirement tapi juga ethical responsibility.

Mengapa accessibility testing penting? Karena 15% populasi dunia memiliki disabilitas. Aplikasi yang tidak accessible akan mengecualikan jutaan pengguna. Selain itu, banyak negara yang mewajibkan aksesibilitas untuk website publik.

#WCAG Guidelines

#WCAG 2.1 Levels

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WCAG Levels:
├── Level A (Minimum):
│   ├── Basic accessibility requirements
│   ├── Text alternatives untuk images
│   ├── Keyboard accessible
│   └── Time limits adjustable
├── Level AA (Recommended):
│   ├── Target untuk kebanyakan website
│   ├── Color contrast minimum 4.5:1
│   ├── Resizable text
│   └── Consistent navigation
└── Level AAA (Enhanced):
    ├── Highest level
    ├── Sign language interpretation
    ├── Extended audio description
    └── High contrast mode

#WCAG Principles (POUR)

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WCAG Principles:
├── Perceivable:
│   ├── Text alternatives
│   ├── Captions
│   ├── Adaptable content
│   └── Distinguishable content
├── Operable:
│   ├── Keyboard accessible
│   ├── Enough time
│   ├── Seizure safe
│   └── Navigable
├── Understandable:
│   ├── Readable
│   ├── Predictable
│   ├── Input assistance
│   └── Error prevention
└── Robust:
    ├── Compatible with assistive tech
    ├── Valid HTML
    └── Name, role, value

#Accessibility Testing Tools

#Automated Tools

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Automated Testing Tools:
├── axe DevTools:
│   ├── Browser extension
│   ├── Quick scan
│   └── Detailed report
├── Lighthouse:
│   ├── Built into Chrome DevTools
│   ├── Performance + Accessibility
│   └── Score 0-100
├── WAVE:
│   ├── Browser extension
│   ├── Visual overlay
│   └── Error highlights
└── pa11y:
    ├── CLI tool
    ├── CI/CD integration
    └── Automated testing

#Manual Testing

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Manual Testing Checklist:
├── Keyboard Navigation:
│   ├── Can navigate with Tab key?
│   ├── Is focus visible?
│   ├── Can activate with Enter/Space?
│   └── Is skip navigation available?
├── Screen Reader:
│   ├── Test with NVDA (Windows)
│   ├── Test with VoiceOver (Mac)
│   └── Test with TalkBack (Android)
├── Visual:
│   ├── Color contrast sufficient?
│   ├── Text resizable to 200%?
│   ├── Content reflows on zoom?
│   └── No information by color alone?
└── Motor:
    ├── Click targets large enough?
    ├── No time limits?
    ├── Can pause animations?
    └── No keyboard traps?

Note

Automated tools hanya menemukan sekitar 30-40% accessibility issues. Manual testing, terutama dengan screen reader, tetap diperlukan untuk testing yang komprehensif.

#Practical: Accessibility Audit

#Quick Audit dengan Lighthouse

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Lighthouse Accessibility Audit:
├── 1. Buka Chrome DevTools
├── 2. Klik tab Lighthouse
├── 3. Pilih "Accessibility" only
├── 4. Click "Analyze page load"
├── 5. Review results:
│   ├── Score (0-100)
│   ├── Failed audits
│   ├── Passed audits
│   └── Manual audits
└── 6. Fix issues

#Audit dengan axe DevTools

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axe DevTools Audit:
├── 1. Install extension
├── 2. Buka halaman yang ingin diuji
├── 3. Klik axe icon
├── 4. Click "Scan"
├── 5. Review results:
│   ├── Critical issues (must fix)
│   ├── Serious issues (should fix)
│   ├── Moderate issues (could fix)
│   └── Minor issues (nice to fix)
└── 6. Export report

Tip

Mulai dengan automated testing untuk menemukan issues yang jelas, lalu lakukan manual testing untuk issues yang lebih kompleks. Kombinasi keduanya memberikan coverage terbaik.

#Penutup

Pada episode 16 ini, kalian telah mempelajari accessibility testing.

Inti yang harus dibawa pulang:

WCAG memberikan guidelines aksesibilitas: Level A, AA, AAA.
Automated tools (axe, Lighthouse) menemukan 30-40% issues.
Manual testing (keyboard, screen reader) diperlukan untuk coverage lengkap.
Accessibility bukan optional — ini ethical dan legal requirement.

Di episode 17 selanjutnya, kita akan membahas security testing dasar — bagaimana menguji keamanan aplikasi termasuk OWASP Top 10 dan basic security testing. Sampai jumpa di episode 17!