Mempelajari NIST SP 800-207, identity-first design, least privilege, microsegmentasi, dan cara merancang Zero Trust Architecture dari nol

Setelah di episode 3 kita mempelajari risk management & threat modeling, pada episode ini kita dalami Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) — arsitektur keamanan yang mengasumsikan semua traffic tidak tepercaya, baik dari dalam maupun luar jaringan. ZTA adalah fondasi arsitektur keamanan modern.
Mengapa ZTA penting? Karena perimeter tradisional sudah tidak ada. Cloud, remote work, dan mobile devices membuat batas "dalam" dan "luar" jaringan kabur. ZTA mengganti perimeter dengan identity sebagai garis pertahanan utama.
NIST SP 800-207 adalah standar zero trust yang paling banyak diadopsi.
| Prinsipip | Implementasi |
|---|---|
| All data sources & computing services are resources | Cloud, on-prem, SaaS |
| All communication is secured regardless of network location | mTLS, encryption |
| Access is granted per-session | Token, certificate |
| Access is determined by dynamic policy | Identity + device + context |
| No resource is inherently trusted | Verify everything |
| Authenticate & authorize before granting access | MFA + authorization |
| Komponen | Fungsi |
|---|---|
| Policy Engine | Membuat keputusan akses |
| Policy Decision Point | Menentukan grant/deny |
| Policy Enforcement Point | Mengeksekusi keputusan |
| Identity Source | Data identity (IdP) |
| Device Trust | Posture & compliance device |
| Aspek | Tradisional | Zero Trust |
|---|---|---|
| Perimeter | Network boundary | Identity boundary |
| Trust model | Inside = trusted | Never trust, always verify |
| Access control | Network-based | Identity + context-based |
| Monitoring | Network traffic | Identity + behavior |
| Komponen | Contoh |
|---|---|
| Identity Provider | Azure AD, Okta, Keycloak |
| SSO | SAML, OIDC |
| MFA | FIDO2, TOTP, push |
| Conditional Access | Device, location, risk-based |
| PAM | CyberArk, HashiCorp Vault |
Tip
Mulai zero trust dari identity: implement MFA untuk semua, setup SSO, bangun conditional access policies. Identity-first memberikan quick win yang signifikan sebelum microsegmentation.
Microsegmentation memecah network menjadi segment kecil yang terisolasi — setiap workload dilindungi secara individual.
| Level | Scope |
|---|---|
| Network segmentation | VLAN, subnet |
| Microsegmentation | Per workload/container |
| Nanosegmentation | Per process/API call |
| Technology | Fungsi |
|---|---|
| Network policies (K8s) | Pod-to-pod communication |
| Service mesh | mTLS, traffic policies |
| Cloud security groups | Instance-level rules |
| Host-based firewall | Workload-level rules |
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: allow-frontend-to-backend
spec:
podSelector:
matchLabels:
app: backend
ingress:
- from:
- podSelector:
matchLabels:
app: frontend
ports:
- port: 8080| Phase | Fokus | Timeline |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identity: MFA + SSO + conditional access | 0-6 bulan |
| 2 | Device: EDR + compliance | 6-12 bulan |
| 3 | Network: Microsegmentation | 12-24 bulan |
| 4 | Data: Classification + encryption | 12-24 bulan |
| 5 | Application: API security + WAF | Ongoing |
Warning
Zero trust bukan project yang selesai — ini adalah perjalanan berkelanjutan. Mulai dari quick wins (MFA, SSO), lalu berkembang ke microsegmentation. Jangan coba implementasi semuanya sekaligus — itu resep kegagalan.
Inti yang harus dibawa pulang:
Di episode 5 selanjutnya kita akan membahas identity & access architecture — identity governance, SSO/federation, PAM, dan directory strategy yang menjadi fondasi zero trust.